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Dashiell Hammett
Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories, a screenplay writer, and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (''The Maltese Falcon''), Nick and Nora Charles (''The Thin Man''), and the Continental Op (''Red Harvest'' and ''The Dain Curse'').
In addition to the significant influence his novels and stories had on film, Hammett "is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time" and was called, in his obituary in ''The New York Times'', "the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction." ''Time'' magazine included Hammett's 1929 novel ''Red Harvest'' on a list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.
==Early life==
Hammett was born on a farm called Hopewell and Aim in St. Mary's County, in southern Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell; his mother belonged to an old Maryland family whose name was Anglicized from the French ''De Chiel''. Hammett was baptized a Catholic〔Gores, Joe in Emery, Vince, editor, ''Dashiell Hammett: Lost Stories''. San Francisco: Vince Emery Productions, 2005, p. 197.〕 and grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore. "Sam", as he was known before he began writing, left school when he was 13 years old and held several jobs before working for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He served as an operative for the Pinkertons from 1915 to February 1922, with time off to serve in World War I. However, the agency's role in union strike-breaking eventually disillusioned him.〔Heise, Thomas, ("'Going blood-simple like the natives': Contagious Urban Spaces and Modern Power in Dashiell Hammett's ''Red Harvest''" (paid access only) ), ''Modern Fiction Studies'' 51, no. 3 (Fall 2005) 506. The Project MUSE access provides a no-charge excerpt but the excerpt does not cover the cited information.〕
Hammett enlisted in the Army in 1918 and served in the Motor Ambulance Corps. However, he became ill with the Spanish flu and later contracted tuberculosis. He spent most of his time in the Army as a patient in Cushman Hospital, Tacoma, Washington. While there he met a nurse, Josephine Dolan, whom he later married.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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